Over 250 peer-reviewed publications have reported clinically relevant cellular and microvascular alterations – including qualitative and quantitative assessments – using the rtx1 Adaptive Optics Retinal Camera and its biomarker software.
Investigations encompass various retinal and ocular conditions, as well as cardiovascular risk factors and systemic diseases.
An overview of published findings, as well as a selection of highlighted publications are available on this page.
A wide array of inherited retinal diseases has been investigated with rtx1. In all of them, rtx1 revealed microscopic changes in various retinal structures. Regarding alterations of the cone cell mosaic, rtx1 enabled quantifying them, and in some cases even before clinical changes. Longitudinal studies have shown that rtx1 also assessed RP progression over shorter timescales than visual acuity or OCT biomarkers.
Publications report that rtx1 showed AMD-related retinal changes in higher details than conventional imaging.
Different types of drusen had distinct appearances on rtx1 images. A new examination method using rtx1, called gaze-dependent AO imaging, further enhanced the contrast of small drusen, and enabled detecting more drusen than on color fundus images.
Furthermore, the border of geographic atrophy is more sharply visualized on rtx1 images than on autofluorescence images, which enabled detecting and measuring GA progression over timescales as short as 3 weeks.
Several studies using rtx1 cameras revealed and measured cellular and microvascular alterations in the retinas of diabetic patients, and even in eyes without diagnosed retinopathy. Read more in the summary.
In hypertensive patients, rtx1 provided unprecedented non-invasive access to alterations in the wall structure of small arterioles. Micron precision measurements correlated with microvascular changes in other parts of the body. Studies have reported a potential prognostic value of rtx1 retinal microvascular metrics regarding cardiovascular events.
Various conditions
about rtx1 published studies
Over 200 peer-reviewed research studies have used the rtx1 Adaptive Optics Retinal Camera to investigate retinal anatomy and pathology at the cellular and microvascular levels.
References and links to all publications are also listed below.
Publications can be filtered either by pathology using the left menu, or by tag using the right menu. Results are sorted by publication date, the latest first.
Non-neovascular AMD: update on candidate AO biomarkers
Regenerative retinal therapy evaluated with adaptive optics imaging
Early atrophic changes in AMD captured by rtx1
Cone cells before/after macular hole surgery
Photoreceptor changes in diabetes: new findings published
Sensitive assessment of retinal structure and function in Usher syndrome
Clinical evidence: RPE cells imaged with rtx1-TFI